政权综述 · 中文 / English 独立切换

辽朝（契丹）政权史

说明：本文件为现代转述的政权概述，非史料原文。疆域为文字示意，不声称精确。人物生卒凡不确定标约/存疑。

契丹建国（约916—947）

耶律阿保机（约872—926，存疑）统一契丹八部，916年称帝建国，定都上京临潢府。太宗耶律德光南下灭后晋，得燕云十六州，947年改国号为辽。燕云的获得使辽控扼农牧交界，获得大批汉地户口与赋税。

萧太后摄政与圣宗中兴（982—1031）

景宗死后萧绰（萧太后，约953—1009，存疑）摄政，任耶律斜轸、韩德让等，整顿吏治、括户口。统和年间屡与宋战，1005年澶渊之盟后宋辽约为兄弟之国，宋岁输银绢，边境互市，双方罢兵约百年。

道宗天祚与辽亡（1055—1125）

道宗以后吏治败坏，天祚帝耶律延禧失政，女真完颜部崛起。宋金海上之盟夹攻辽，金灭辽，天祚被俘，西辽耶律大石西迁另建政权（不在本卷详述）。辽朝共传世称九帝，另萧太后摄政约二十七年，详见emperors.yaml。

帝系与疆域示意

九帝传世谱系：太祖阿保机、太宗德光、世宗阮、穆宗璟、景宗贤、圣宗隆绪、兴宗宗真、道宗洪基、天祚延禧；萧绰摄政附于景圣之间标注。疆域文字示意：东至海（日本海）、西至阿尔泰山以东与漠北诸部、西夏北缘为界、北至外兴安岭以南、南以拒马河—雁门与宋为界并领有燕云十六州。详见maps/meta.yaml。

Liao Dynasty Overview (916–1125)

The Liao dynasty (916–1125) was founded by the Khitan leader Yelü Abaoji 耶律阿保机 (circa 872–926, disputed), who united the Khitan tribes, proclaimed himself emperor in 916, and fixed the supreme capital at Linhuang. His successor Yelü Deguang 耶律德光 destroyed Later Jin, gained the Sixteen Prefectures of Yan and Yun, and in 947 adopted the dynastic name Liao, securing agrarian households and revenue along the farming–pastoral frontier.

After Emperor Jingzong, Empress Dowager Xiao Xiao Chuo 萧绰 (circa 953–1009, disputed) acted as regent for about twenty-seven years, employing Yelü Xiezhen 耶律斜轸 and Han Derang 韩德让, regularizing administration and household registers. Repeated Song–Liao wars ended with the Chanyuan 澶渊 covenant of 1005, making the two courts nominal brothers, with annual Song payments of silver and silk and frontier markets sustaining roughly a century of peace.

From Emperor Daozong the administration decayed; the last ruler Yelü Yanxi 耶律延禧 lost control as the Jurchen rose, and the Song–Jin Maritime Alliance attacked Liao from two sides until Jin captured the emperor in 1125. Yelü Dashi 耶律大石 later moved west to found Western Liao. Territorial limits are schematic, with Yan–Yun held in the south.

Sources pending page verification, no internet verification.

皇帝传承思维导图

flowchart LR E0["辽太祖耶律阿保机 ’916-926’"] E1["辽太宗耶律德光 ’926-947’"] E0 --> E1 E2["辽世宗耶律阮 ’947-951’"] E1 --> E2 E3["辽穆宗耶律璟 ’951-969’"] E2 --> E3 E4["辽景宗耶律贤 ’969-982’"] E3 --> E4 E5["摄政萧太后萧绰 ’982-1009摄政’"] E4 --> E5 E6["辽圣宗耶律隆绪 ’982-1031’"] E5 --> E6 E7["辽兴宗耶律宗真 ’1031-1055’"] E6 --> E7 E8["辽道宗耶律洪基 ’1055-1101’"] E7 --> E8 E9["辽天祚帝耶律延禧 ’1101-1125’"] E8 --> E9

# 辽朝皇帝简表（传世谱系；生卒多存疑） - {name: 辽太祖耶律阿保机, reign: '916-926', birth_death: 约872—926存疑, note: 建国称帝} - {name: 辽太宗耶律德光, reign: '926-947', birth_death: 约902—947存疑, note: 得燕云十六州} - {name: 辽世宗耶律阮, reign: '947-951', birth_death: 约918—951存疑, note: 内争被弑} - {name: 辽穆宗耶律璟, reign: '951-969', birth_death: 约931—969存疑, note: 睡王之称出后世记述存疑} - {name: 辽景宗耶律贤, reign: '969-982', birth_death: 约948—982存疑, note: 用汉官改革} - {name: 摄政萧太后萧绰, reign: '982-1009摄政', birth_death: 约953—1009存疑, note: 非皇帝，摄政；澶渊之盟时实际决策者} - {name: 辽圣宗耶律隆绪, reign: '982-1031', birth_death: 约971—1031存疑, note: 澶渊之盟} - {name: 辽兴宗耶律宗真, reign: '1031-1055', birth_death: 约1016—1055存疑, note: 重熙增币} - {name: 辽道宗耶律洪基, reign: '1055-1101', birth_death: 约1032—1101存疑, note: 吏治败坏之始} - {name: 辽天祚帝耶律延禧, reign: '1101-1125', birth_death: 约1075—约1128存疑, note: 辽亡被俘}

实际掌权人思维导图

mindmap root((辽朝·名义君主与实际掌权者)) 权臣与实力人物（5人）萧绰（萧太后）摄政皇太后韩德让（耶律隆运）圣宗朝权臣耶律斜轸名将，伐宋主帅耶律休哥南京留守名将耶律仁先兴宗道宗朝宰相

# 辽朝权臣与摄政简表 - {name: 萧绰（萧太后）, role: 摄政皇太后, period: '982-1009', note: 承天太后，军政多出其手} - {name: 韩德让（耶律隆运）, role: 圣宗朝权臣, period: 约982—1011, birth_death: 约941—1011存疑, note: 汉官南枢密使} - {name: 耶律斜轸, role: 名将，伐宋主帅, period: 约980—999, birth_death: 约942—999存疑, note: 拒马河之战} - {name: 耶律休哥, role: 南京留守名将, period: 约979—1009, note: 高粱河、望都之战} - {name: 耶律仁先, role: 兴宗道宗朝宰相, period: 约1031—1072, birth_death: 约1013—1072存疑, note: 谏阻伐夏}

独立时间线思维导图(本朝代隔离展示)

flowchart TD subgraph P0["大事编年"] direction LR P0N0["耶律阿保机称帝，契丹建国 916"] P0N1["后晋献燕云十六州于辽 938"] P0N0 --> P0N1 P0N2["改国号为辽 947"] P0N1 --> P0N2 P0N3["萧太后摄政 982"] P0N2 --> P0N3 P0N4["澶渊之盟，宋辽议和 1005"] P0N3 --> P0N4 P0N5["重熙增币，宋加岁币 1042"] P0N4 --> P0N5 P0N6["女真建金，辽金战争起 1115"] P0N5 --> P0N6 P0N7["天祚被俘，辽亡 1125"] P0N6 --> P0N7 end

# 辽朝大事年表（6条以上） - {year: 916, event: 耶律阿保机称帝，契丹建国} - {year: 938, event: 后晋献燕云十六州于辽} - {year: 947, event: 改国号为辽} - {year: 982, event: 萧太后摄政} - {year: 1005, event: 澶渊之盟，宋辽议和} - {year: 1042, event: 重熙增币，宋加岁币} - {year: 1115, event: 女真建金，辽金战争起} - {year: 1125, event: 天祚被俘，辽亡}

疆域图(真实地图图片)

地图图片来源：gitcode.com/open-source-toolkit/2fba6（用户提供下载地址；原包未声明制图者/原书/许可，仅本地展示，勿再分发）

# 辽 maps 元数据 maps: - {file: liao-territory.svg, coverage: 辽极盛时期, claim: 文字示意，非精确疆界} - {file: territory.svg, coverage: 辽极盛时期单组, claim: 自绘疆域示意，非精确疆界，不作比例与海岸线依据, drawn: 自绘示意, license: CC0, dispute: 边界犬牙交错与极盛范围历来争议，此图不裁决争议, modern_boundary: 禁套现代国界省界} real_maps: - file: maps/liaobeisong-quantu.jpg origin: https://gitcode.com/open-source-toolkit/2fba6（用户提供下载地址，包内为zip全图/分省图扫描页） license: 原包未声明（制图者/原书/许可待考；仅本地展示，勿再分发） note_real: 本组疆域图已替换为真实地图图片（jpg），页面优先展示real_maps；territory.svg仅保留兼容/五代等缺包组使用 map_source_url: https://gitcode.com/open-source-toolkit/2fba6（用户提供下载地址；原包未声明制图者/原书/许可，仅本地展示勿再分发）

辽 · 916~1125