政权综述 · 中文 / English 独立切换

三国并立综述(魏蜀吴,220—280,文字示意)

> 本文件为三国综述,依"一文件一period_id"硬约束,period_id取 wei 为代表,正文分魏/蜀/吴三节叙述;shu、wu 另见各 official 条目。疆域下述仅为文字示意,非精确边界。

脉络

东汉末群雄并起,208年赤壁之战后形成三足雏形;220年曹丕代汉建魏,221年刘备建汉(蜀汉),229年孙权建吴,三国鼎立。263年魏灭蜀,265年司马炎代魏建晋,280年晋灭吴,三国归晋。

Mermaid 三线传承示意

graph LR
  Han[东汉] --> CaoCao[曹操据中原]
  CaoCao --> Wei[曹魏 220-265: 曹丕→曹叡→曹芳→曹髦→曹奂]
  Han --> LiuBei[刘备 221建蜀汉]
  LiuBei --> Shu[蜀汉 221-263: 刘备→刘禅]
  SunJian[孙坚/孙策据江东] --> SunQuan[孙权 229建吴]
  SunQuan --> Wu[孙吴 229-280: 孙权→孙亮→孙休→孙皓]
  Wei --> Jin[西晋: 司马炎265代魏,280灭吴]
  Shu -. 263魏灭蜀 .-> Jin
  Wu -. 280晋灭吴 .-> Jin

地理文字示意(非精确)

曹魏:约当黄河流域、中原、关中及辽东一带,都洛阳,后迁许昌/洛阳之间政治中心。
蜀汉:约当今四川盆地、汉中及云贵部分,都成都。
孙吴:约当长江下游、东南沿海及荆州东部,都建业(今南京一带)。
接触带:荆州、合肥、汉中为反复争夺区,具体界线随战事变动,不作精确描绘。

来源

陈寿《三国志》、裴松之注;房玄龄等《晋书》;司马光《资治通鉴》。版本均为"传世本,具体版本待考",页码待核,未能联网核验。

Three Kingdoms Overview: Wei, Shu, and Wu (220–280)

After the fall of the Eastern Han, China divided into three rival states. Following the Battle of Red Cliffs 赤壁之战 in 208, Cao Pi 曹丕 deposed the Han and founded Wei 魏 in 220; Liu Bei 刘备 founded Han (Shu Han 蜀汉) in 221; and Sun Quan 孙权 founded Wu 吴 in 229. This tripartite balance lasted until Wei conquered Shu in 263, Sima Yan 司马炎 replaced Wei with Jin in 265, and Jin conquered Wu in 280.

Cao Cao 曹操 had built the northern base later inherited by Wei, whose capitals centered on Luoyang and Xu. Shu Han, ruled by Liu Bei and his heir Liu Shan 刘禅, held the Sichuan basin, Hanzhong, and parts of the southwest from Chengdu. Wu, ruled by Sun Quan 孙权 and successors Sun Liang 孙亮, Sun Xiu 孙休, and Sun Hao 孙皓, held the lower Yangtze, the southeast coast, and eastern Jingzhou from Jianye 建业. Jingzhou, Hefei, and Hanzhong were repeatedly contested; boundaries shifted with campaigns and are given here only schematically.

Wei is used as the representative period identifier for filing purposes; Shu and Wu details appear in their respective entries.

Sources pending page verification, no internet verification.

皇帝传承思维导图

flowchart LR E0["曹丕高祖/文帝｜曹魏 ’220-226’"] E1["曹叡烈祖/明帝｜曹魏 ’226-239’"] E0 --> E1 E2["曹芳无/少帝｜曹魏 ’239-254’"] E1 --> E2 E3["曹髦无/高贵乡公｜曹魏 ’254-260’"] E2 --> E3 E4["曹奂无/元帝｜曹魏 ’260-265’"] E3 --> E4 E5["刘备烈祖/昭烈帝｜蜀汉 ’221-223’"] E4 --> E5 E6["刘禅无/后主｜蜀汉 ’223-263’"] E5 --> E6 E7["孙权太祖/大帝｜孙吴 ’229-252’"] E6 --> E7 E8["孙亮无/少帝｜孙吴 ’252-258’"] E7 --> E8 E9["孙休无/景帝｜孙吴 ’258-264’"] E8 --> E9 E10["孙皓无/末帝｜孙吴 ’264-280’"] E9 --> E10

# 曹魏5帝 + 蜀汉2帝 + 孙吴4帝(生卒多存疑,标约/存疑) - {name: 曹丕, temple: 高祖/文帝, polity: 曹魏, period_id: wei, reign: "220-226", birth_death: "约187—226,存疑", confidence: high, note: 代汉建魏} - {name: 曹叡, temple: 烈祖/明帝, polity: 曹魏, period_id: wei, reign: "226-239", birth_death: "约204—239,存疑", confidence: high, note: 青龙年间守成} - {name: 曹芳, temple: 无/少帝, polity: 曹魏, period_id: wei, reign: "239-254", birth_death: "约231—274,存疑", confidence: medium, note: 为司马师所废} - {name: 曹髦, temple: 无/高贵乡公, polity: 曹魏, period_id: wei, reign: "254-260", birth_death: "约241—260,存疑", confidence: medium, note: 甘露之变被杀,存疑细节} - {name: 曹奂, temple: 无/元帝, polity: 曹魏, period_id: wei, reign: "260-265", birth_death: "约246—302,存疑", confidence: medium, note: 禅让于司马炎} - {name: 刘备, temple: 烈祖/昭烈帝, polity: 蜀汉, period_id: shu, reign: "221-223", birth_death: "约161—223,存疑", confidence: high, note: 章武建国,夷陵后托孤} - {name: 刘禅, temple: 无/后主, polity: 蜀汉, period_id: shu, reign: "223-263", birth_death: "约207—271,存疑", confidence: high, note: 诸葛亮辅政,263降魏} - {name: 孙权, temple: 太祖/大帝, polity: 孙吴, period_id: wu, reign: "229-252", birth_death: "约182—252,存疑", confidence: high, note: 黄武称帝,都建业} - {name: 孙亮, temple: 无/少帝, polity: 孙吴, period_id: wu, reign: "252-258", birth_death: "约243—260,存疑", confidence: medium, note: 为孙綝所废} - {name: 孙休, temple: 无/景帝, polity: 孙吴, period_id: wu, reign: "258-264", birth_death: "约235—264,存疑", confidence: medium, note: 诛孙綝亲政} - {name: 孙皓, temple: 无/末帝, polity: 孙吴, period_id: wu, reign: "264-280", birth_death: "约242—284,存疑", confidence: medium, note: 280降晋}

实际掌权人思维导图

mindmap root((三国（曹魏·蜀汉·孙吴）·名义君主与实际掌权)) 权臣与实力人物（5人）曹操丞相/魏王司马懿太尉/托孤大臣诸葛亮丞相孙氏宗室与顾陆朱张宗室/江东士族共治周瑜都督

- {name: 曹操, polity: 曹魏奠基, period_id: wei, role: 丞相/魏王, dates: "约155—220,存疑", confidence: high, source: "陈寿《三国志·魏书·武帝纪》,传世本,具体版本待考,页码待核,未能联网核验", note: 统一北方,赤壁后成三足之势} - {name: 司马懿, polity: 曹魏→晋奠基, period_id: wei, role: 太尉/托孤大臣, dates: "约179—251,存疑", confidence: high, source: "房玄龄等《晋书·宣帝纪》,传世本,具体版本待考,页码待核", note: 高平陵之变掌权} - {name: 诸葛亮, polity: 蜀汉, period_id: shu, role: 丞相, dates: "约181—234,存疑", confidence: high, source: "陈寿《三国志·蜀书·诸葛亮传》裴注,传世本,具体版本待考", note: 隆中对策、北伐、五丈原} - {name: 孙氏宗室与顾陆朱张, polity: 孙吴, period_id: wu, role: 宗室/江东士族共治, dates: "东汉末—280", confidence: medium, source: "陈寿《三国志·吴书》,裴注引江表传等,传世本待考", note: 周瑜/鲁肃/吕蒙/陆逊等前后辅政} - {name: 周瑜, polity: 孙吴, period_id: wu, role: 都督, dates: "约175—210,存疑", confidence: high, source: "陈寿《三国志·吴书·周瑜传》,传世本待考", note: 赤壁前线指挥之一}

独立时间线思维导图(本朝代隔离展示)

flowchart TD subgraph P0["曹魏"] direction LR P0N0["赤壁之战 208"] P0N1["曹丕代汉建魏 220"] P0N0 --> P0N1 P0N2["高平陵之变 249"] P0N1 --> P0N2 P0N3["司马炎代魏建晋 265"] P0N2 --> P0N3 end subgraph P1["蜀汉"] direction LR P1N0["刘备建蜀汉 221"] P1N1["五丈原之战/诸葛亮卒 234"] P1N0 --> P1N1 P1N2["魏灭蜀 263"] P1N1 --> P1N2 end P0N3 --> P1N0 subgraph P2["孙吴"] direction LR P2N0["夷陵之战 222"] P2N1["孙权建吴,三国鼎立成形 229"] P2N0 --> P2N1 P2N2["晋灭吴,三国归晋 280"] P2N1 --> P2N2 end P1N2 --> P2N0

- {date: 208, event: 赤壁之战, period_id: wei, polity: 魏/吴/刘备联军, confidence: high, source: "陈寿《三国志》,裴注引《江表传》,传世本待考"} - {date: 220, event: 曹丕代汉建魏, period_id: wei, polity: 曹魏, confidence: high, source: "陈寿《三国志·文帝纪》"} - {date: 221, event: 刘备建蜀汉, period_id: shu, polity: 蜀汉, confidence: high, source: "陈寿《三国志·先主传》"} - {date: 222, event: 夷陵之战, period_id: wu, polity: 吴胜蜀, confidence: high, source: "陈寿《三国志·吴主传》《先主传》"} - {date: 229, event: 孙权建吴,三国鼎立成形, period_id: wu, polity: 孙吴, confidence: high, source: "陈��《三国志·吴主传》"} - {date: 234, event: 五丈原之战/诸葛亮卒, period_id: shu, polity: 蜀魏, confidence: high, source: "陈寿《三国志·诸葛亮传》"} - {date: 249, event: 高平陵之变, period_id: wei, polity: 曹魏/司马氏, confidence: high, source: "房玄龄等《晋书·宣帝纪》;《三国志》注"} - {date: 263, event: 魏灭蜀, period_id: shu, polity: 魏/蜀, confidence: high, source: "陈寿《三国志·后主传》;《晋书》"} - {date: 265, event: 司马炎代魏建晋, period_id: wei, polity: 西晋, confidence: high, source: "房玄龄等《晋书·武帝纪》"} - {date: 280, event: 晋灭吴,三国归晋, period_id: wu, polity: 西晋/吴, confidence: high, source: "房玄龄等《晋书·武帝纪》《吴志》注"}

疆域图(真实地图图片)

地图图片来源：gitcode.com/open-source-toolkit/2fba6（用户提供下载地址；原包未声明制图者/原书/许可，仅本地展示，勿再分发）

maps: - {file: territory.svg, coverage: 三国鼎立(220-280), claim: 自绘多边形示意,非精确疆界,不作比例与海岸线依据, drawn: 自绘示意, license: CC0, dispute: 魏蜀吴界线随战事变动,此图不裁决争议, modern_boundary: 禁套现代国界省界} - {file: three-kingdoms-map.svg, coverage: 三区方位文字示意, claim: 旧版兼容保留, drawn: 文字示意, license: CC0, dispute: 不作精确声称, modern_boundary: 禁套现代国界省界} license: CC0 dispute: 边界数字史料不一,不作精确声称;不套用现代行政边界 note: 需与dynasty.md疆域文字描述配合使用;territory.svg为疆域示意主体,旧svg保留兼容 real_maps: - file: maps/sanguo-quantu.jpg origin: https://gitcode.com/open-source-toolkit/2fba6（用户提供下载地址，包内为zip全图/分省图扫描页） license: 原包未声明（制图者/原书/许可待考；仅本地展示，勿再分发） note_real: 本组疆域图已替换为真实地图图片（jpg），页面优先展示real_maps；territory.svg仅保留兼容/五代等缺包组使用 map_source_url: https://gitcode.com/open-source-toolkit/2fba6（用户提供下载地址；原包未声明制图者/原书/许可，仅本地展示勿再分发）

三国 · 220~280